Computer Sciences P-2

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Chapter#1

Data Basics

Data:-
 Collection of raw, facts and figures is called data.
 It is meaningless.
 It has no specific sequence.
 It is not in arranged form.
 Every organization has its own data for processing.
 It can be of following types:-
i:Text
ii:Numbers
iii:Images
iv:Audio
v:Video
Information:-
 Processed data is called information.
 It is meaningful.
 It has specific order or sequence.
 It is in arranged form.
 It is used to make decision by the organization.
 It can be any kind of data:-
i:Text
ii:Numbers
iii:Images
iv:Audio
v:Video
 Data Manipulation:-
 Performing operation on data to convert it into information is called data manipulates.
Data Processing Activities:-
 These activities are used to convert data into information.
 There are Three Data Processing Activities:-
i:Data Capturing
ii:Data Manipulation
iii:Managing Output 1: Data Capturing:-
 It is the first activity of data processing activity.
 In this activity data is collected from multiple sources and fed into the computer for processing.
 Input devices are used to feed the data into computer for processing.
2: Data Manipulation:-
 After giving data to the computer, different operations are performed on it as required.
 There four categories of performing different operations:-
i:Classification
ii:Calculation
iii:Sorting
iv:Summarization
                   Classification:-
 In this type of operation, data is organized into different groups or folder.
 Due to the classification, data can be accessed more quickly.
 E.G:- Folder
                   Calculations:-
 In this operation, arithmetic and logical operations are performed on data.
                   Sorting:-
 In this type of operation, data is organized into a specific sequence.
 This sorting can either be ascending or descending.
                   Summarization:-
 In this operation, concise summary of the entered and processed data  is generated.
 This summary shows the past events.
3: Managing Output:-
After data manipulation, results are generated which is stored temporarily or permanently for the future use.
Output can be managed in three ways:-
i:Store Temporarily
ii:Store permanently
iii:Share it with other departement


Field:-
 It is piece of information which is stored in a cell.
 It represents column of table.
                Cell:-
 It is the intersection of row and column.
Record:-
 Collection of related fields is called record.
File/Table:-
 Collection of related records is called file/table.